Interactions Between Native Americans And English Essay

Interactions Between Native Americans and English in The Seventeenth Century In the early seventeenth century, King James I gave authority to the Virginia Company to colonize North America . The Virginia Company had two branches, the London and the Plymouth Companies. In 1607 each company deployed ships with colonists bound for America. These first settlements laid the initial long-term groundwork for the Native American and English interaction. The English had to rely on the first hand experiences of the early settlers with the Native Americans to determine how to proceed with these foreign people. The accounts of the early settlers portrayed the Native Americans to be barbaric, uncivilized, and a cruel people. This paper will analyze three personal interpretations of interactions with Native Americans ranging from 1612 to 1624. In the personal account of William Strachey, he details his observations of the native peoples in 1612. He starts his writing with â€Å"A True Description of the People† to show what is read is to be presumed as certainty. Strachey writes with extreme description to paint a visual picture to his fellow Englishmen about the savage and inferior Native Americans. When he is describing the clothing of the natives he says â€Å"they are sometimes covered with the skins of wild beasts† . This passage can be interpreted that natives were slaughtering wild beasts and wearing their bloody skin around. This extreme description is to bear as a warning for his fellowShow MoreRelatedEnglish View Of Native Americans During Early Nineteenth Century981 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish view of Native Americans in early seventeenth-century According to the English, Native Americans in early seventeenth century Virginia left an imprint on the New England earth. They traditionally settled near water and in small groups, and not in a larger population. They also made little benefit of their land, being never fertile. The English settlers were very taken at the fact they didn’t use the land to the best it could be used. They were tall, brown and proportionate appearanceRead MoreNative American And English Colonists1056 Words   |  5 PagesFormal Paper English colonists first came to America late 1500s with the lost colony of Roanoke. English settlers then tried again for a permanent settlement in the early 1600s with Jamestown. Following Jamestown the English were consistently sending new colonists from England to America. The first English settlers had faced quite the hardships. None of the colonists were prepared or equipped with the knowledge to survive in their new environment. This is where Native American and English colonistsRead MoreMahatma Ghandi, An Indian Philosopher1424 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one shields their eyes, they refuse to acknowledge the truth, living between walls constructed through lies. The source provided displays such a stance, in regards to cultural distortion, as a result of globalization. Mahatma Ghandi, an Indian philosopher, states, â€Å"I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as po ssible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.† Acculturation is lookedRead MoreNative and European Relations in Early America Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the very first interaction, the social and political relations between the Native Americans and the Europeans had begun with much tension. Many Europeans came to the Americas with the intention of discovery. However, when it became apparent that these new lands were inhibited the motives changed, and then the natives were colonized, abused, and in many cases killed. From then and throughout the impending periods of time, the relations between the natives and the Europeans had a few pointsRead MoreSummary Of Pocahontas And John Smith1032 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the colony of Jamestown was developed in the year 1607, in Virginia, a native princess by the name of Pocahontas risked her life to save John Smith from death. This proposed romance that was suggested between the two gave reasoning behind the peac eful partnership that the English colonist had with the Native locals that were already habitants of the land. This seemed like the more plausible story that would lead to urban legends of Pocahontas and John Smith that many know today. However, manyRead MoreChristopher Columbus Vs Native America Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesworld and started the exploration of the Americas for everyone to come in the future. He opened the gate for the exploration of the Spanish, French, and English in the New World. These three groups of people, while all from different places and of varying mindsets, all colonized in the Americas and had contrasting interactions with the Native Americans. Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, had been trying to find someone to sponsor him to search for a new sea route to India that would be moreRead MoreChristopher Columbus And Native America Case Study1212 Words   |  5 Pagesworld and started the exploration of the Americas for everyone to come in the future. He opened the gate for the exploration of the Spanish, French, and English in the New World. These three groups of people, while all from different places and of varying mindsets, all colonized in the Americas and had contrasting interactions with the Native Americans. Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, had been trying to find some place to sponsor him to search for a new sea route to India that would be moreRead MoreEssay Early European Exploration1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfound out that they were not alone on this new frontier. Their neighbors in this new land were the Native Americans who had been there for centuries, virtually unaware of life outside the continent. Thus began an inconsistent and often times unstable relationship between the European settlers and the North American Indians. Two nations who had particularly interesting relationships with the Native Americans were the British and the French, both of whom took different approaches to their relations withRead MoreEnglish As A Global Language1217 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish as a Global Language English is a lingua franca (ELF) where the use of English language is a â€Å"common language between speakers whose native languages are different† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2015). However, this does not mean that ELF interactions are speaking what is considered proper English, but whether or not they effectively communicate. This does not exclude native speakers, but rather it places emphasis on the interactions between persons of different mother tongues and culturalRead MoreThe Book Skull Wars By Kennewick Man962 Words   |  4 Pagesand its relationship between American Indians and European Descent. This novel reveals the underlying truth, hardship and reality of who Christopher Columbus once called Los Indios. In the book Skull Wars by Kennewick Man, Brian Fagan’s Statement of the rewriting of the past can relate to Skull Wars in numerous ways. I Agree with his statement and believe that if we do not care or learn about what has really happened in the past, why would it be so hard for mainstream American society to feed us misinterpreted

Montaigne in The Return of Martin Guerra by Natalie Zemon...

In â€Å"The Return of Martin Guerre,† Natalie Zemon Davis portrays Jean de Coras as a knowledgeable, impartial judge, fully capable of recognizing female intelligence and of looking beyond the status quo in his pursuit of truth. Like any judge, Coras has the discretion to select or omit certain pieces of evidence, the power to shape the official and accepted version of the truth; however, Michel de Montaigne would argue that Coras has a high probability of reaching a distorted verdict. Montaigne’s â€Å"Essays† claims that knowledge is acquired through the process of self-questioning, but this self-questioning presumes that knowledge begins with ones own perspectives and not with disciplines (such as a medicine and law), which are bound to†¦show more content†¦King Pyrrhus states, â€Å"I know not†¦what kind of barbarians†¦these may be; but the disposition of this army, that I see, has nothing of barbarism in it† (Cannibals, 1). Thus, after witnessing the advanced military formation of the Roman Army, King Pyrrhus changed his judgment and could no longer view the Romans as barbarians. Knowledge then, is required to make a reasonable judgment and knowledge should be acquired firsthand. In the next paragraph, Montaigne reveals his source of information stems from his servent who witnessed it firsthand: â€Å"I long had a man in my house that lived ten or twelve years in the New World† (Cannibals, 1). Knowledge, then, can be acquired from a reliable source. However, Montagine purports that not all knowledge is desirable. This is illustrated when Montagine states, â€Å"I am afraid our eyes are bigger than our bellies, and that we have more curiosity than capacity; for we grasp at all, but catch nothing but wind† (Cannibals, 1). Here, Montagine is cautious on the discovery of the New World because the exploration of an unknown region can manifest to something more than one can grasp or it could end up being like the wind—no great discovery at all. It is important to note that Montaigne makes reasonable judgments from the information provided by his servant, who had lived in the New World. Contrary from educated men, Montaigne’s servant is a simple man who is not compelled to interpret on what he

How to Discover Your Life Dreams Free Essays

How To Discover Your Life Dreams I have an assignment for you Do you want to know why you were born? What your sacred mission In life Is? Here’s what you do: Schedule a few hours for a personal retreat; a whole day is even better. Get your calendar and cross out that special day with a fat red pen. No one touches that day, It’s your date where you discuss your life with God. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Discover Your Life Dreams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Take that extended time of personal reflection and bring these questions with you. Here are some â€Å"heart questions† for you to answer†¦ Questions To Answer: What are your greatest strengths? What Is the primary gift that has been given to you to bless the world? What do you enjoy doing the most? What were the happiest moments of your life? What were you doing during those moments? If given an opportunity to live In anyway and do anything?no matter how crazy your choice would be?what kind of life would you choose to live? Imagine yourself on your 75th birthday: What kind of person would you want to be by that time? If family members were to honor you on your 75th birthday party, and thank you and speak about the good things that you have done,what would you want them to ay to you? Ђ Write down a tentative Personal Mission Statement: From your answers above, write a tentative Personal Mission Statement. This one sentence should express what you most deeply believe your life should attain at the end of your days. It should be inspiring and moving as well. And don’t worry if it won’t be perfect. Your Personal Mission Statement should undergo much revision a nd editing as the weeks, months, and years go by. You should review your Personal Mission Statement in prayer regularly. Finally, write down your Life-Dreams Now that eve written down a Personal Mission Statement, write down a description of your life twenty years down the road. Picture yourself, your schedule, your work, your house, your relationships, your projects, your character in vivid detail. Don’t worry if you fill a few pages for your Life-Dreams. Let your heart speak as you paint in the canvas of your imagination. Create Your Financial Plan Based On Your Life-Dreams After writing your Life-Dreams document, write your financial plan: How much you should be earning next year. Writing down a financial goal is an exercise in faith. And an exercise in personal commitment. Your mind will be forced to open up and think of ways how those goals would be met. When I did this, it was as though power was being released as I wrote my financial goals. But as I scribbled on paper every crazy idea that came to my mind, I repeatedly kept going back to my divinely appointed mission in life? because that was how God was going to provide for me. Let me explain. I believe that when we’re faithful to our mission and give ourselves to the world and genuinely help people live a better life, we see the world repaying back. When we give, we receive?and we Just don’t receive, but we receive much more than what we have given. Why? Because God has written the Law of reciprocity in the fabric of the universe. Naturally, for this Law of Reciprocity to work, you need to charge what you are worth and not undersell yourself. Earning money doesn’t make you less spiritual. If the money that you’re going to earn is to support your God-appointed Life-Dreams, it is very spiritual. (It’s another issue altogether to be working for a religious ministry or a rather to pick up non-monetary rewards in the after life. So far, Vive been able to attain my financial goals?enough to support my family and more than enough to be generous to those in need? the second part being an intrinsic part of my mission. But more importantly, by creating a financial plan based on my Life-Dreams, I live deliberately, and money is still connected to my mission?not something apart from it. Because success for me isn’t having the greatest wealth but the fulfillment of my life-dreams?ninety percent of which aren’t financial. May your dreams come true, Boo Sanchez How to cite How to Discover Your Life Dreams, Essays

Dead Poets Society The Influence Of Transcendental Thinking Essay Example For Students

Dead Poets Society: The Influence Of Transcendental Thinking Essay The Influence of Transcendental Thinking Transcendental thinking has an extremely empowering and influential effect upon whoever listens to its teachings. Transcendental thinkers such as Ralph Wallow Emerson and Henry David Thoreau greatly influence three main characters from Dead Poets Society. The movie Dead Poets Society reveals the influence of transcendental thinking on the lives of Todd Anderson, Charlie Dalton and Neil Perry through the writings of Ralph Wallow Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and other Romantics. Todd Anderson is a reserved, timid boy who, at first. Shies away from Mr.. Settings teachings. Emerson quote We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents is fitting, because Todd keeps to himself so much and is so afraid to express the divinity that God has given him, that the very thought of writing a poem, as Keating says, scares the hell out of him. However, when Mr.. Keating calls him up to yap and describe what he sees In Walt Whitman face in a picture, his poetic and creatively expressive side is uncovered. Emerson quote None but he knows what that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has tried can be directly linked to the previously mentioned situation and also when Todd decides to stand on his desk and disobey the headmasters rules as a tribute to Mr.. Keating. Toddys spontaneity, his sudden outburst of emotions and refusal to conform to the startled and enraged headmasters orders reveal at this time the powerful Influence that Transcendental thinking has had on him. The quote from Thoreau that could be used for Neil Perry is: If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. Neil loves to act, and he has heart set on pursuing his dreams of acting. The only factor keeping Nell from building the ladder to reach his dreams Is his father, who Insists that he Is throwing away his future with this silly acting business and should Instead go to military school, attend Harvard for ten years and become a doctor. Neil is influenced by Transcendental thinking when he becomes optimistic about his father listening to him for once about his passion for acting and permitting him stay in the play, which he does. Another example is when Nils emotions momentarily burst forth spontaneously to defend his love for acting, when he Is being grilled by his father, insisting that he not waste his time on It at the expense of other, more lucrative opportunities. Nevertheless, Knells culled Is not influenced by Transcendental thinking because it is apparent he was not optimistic f the possible turnout of his situation later on and instead decided to commit suicide and take the easy way out. Emerson quote Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist Is proper In Charlie Talons case because he Is the most unique, creative, and ornery Individual Transcendental thinking and the Latin phrase Carper diem (seize the day). Charlie transforms from a bored, nonchalant boy to a non-conforming, optimistic and daring person who renames himself Antenna. His spontaneity causes him to unexpectedly ring two girls to a Society meeting and declare that he has slipped in an article on behalf of the Dead Poets Society in the school newspaper demanding that girls be accepted into Walton Academy. He also becomes terribly spontaneous and daring and does not rationally consider the consequences of seizing the day and pulling the stunt of God calling and telling the headmaster that girls should be allowed to attend Walton. At this point, the quote Speak what you think now in hard words and tomorrow speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again, even though it contradict everything you said today from Emerson is a powerful echo of what Charlie has done: expressed his opinions for what he strongly believed in and stood up for it. .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .postImageUrl , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:hover , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:visited , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:active { border:0!important; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:active , .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565 .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud569c07dde581c046666cbabcc541565:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: While literature should be defined as the moral of life, poetry is the most presentable way to stir the human-mind EssayThe influence of Transcendental thinking is extremely powerful to the open-minded. Non-conformity, optimism, spontaneity, and emotions are a few of the qualities of Transcendental thinkers. In Dead Poets Society, Todd Anderson, Neil Perry and Charlie Dalton were influenced by Transcendental thinking in some way to make some important decisions in their lives that contributed to the ending of the film.

Today, we are more concerned with our environment Essay Example For Students

Today, we are more concerned with our environment Essay than ever before. Similarly, it is my belief that we are more knowledgeable about our earths environment than did previous generations. I do not believe it would be an understatement to say that the planet earth is in serious jeopardyfrom the shrinking rain forests, to the polluting of the oceans and land, to the ozone layer problem. Nevertheless, for purposes of this discussion, it is my intent to focus on pesticides as one particularly rampant source of environmental problems. I particularly favor this subject, because I know that we as Americans can do much to prevent the deleterious impact which pesticides are having upon our environment. This is not some abstract notion that many people have regarding the ozone layer. For example, in ones own backyard or garden, there is much one can do in this respect. We will write a custom essay on Today, we are more concerned with our environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Opposition by environmentalists to pesticide use in general and to certain groups of compounds in particular has grown in recent years, based on the contention that pesticides present a threat to the environment and to health. First aroused by the book Silent Spring (1952) by Rachel Carson, the anti-pesticide movement has had a substantial influence both in the U.S. Congress and in several state legislatures. As a result, severely restrictive legislation has banned the use of many pesticides and restricted use of several others. Also, costly and complicated legislation requirements have been imposed on new compounds. Pesticide legislation has significantly hampered research and development in the field. The average cost and lead-time needed to recover, research and market a new pesticide has increased from $2 million dollars and four years in the 1950s to nearly $20 million dollars and ten years in the 1970s. In recent years, more new pesticides have been banned than have had continued effective use, and there has been a reduction in the number of chemistry companies producing pesticides since the restrictions took effect. Environmentalists, scientists, and workers in the pesticide industry have also contented that some pesticide compounds are hazardous to human health. Workers in factories that produce some of these compounds have, in the process of bringing legal suits against some manufacturers, received financial compensation for illnesses allegedly caused by exposure to these chemicals. Agricultural workers have also brought suits, claiming that they have suffered physical damage as a result of pesticide exposure. Some pesticide chemicals recently DBCP, which effects the production of sperm have had their manufacturing severely restricted. Long range potential dangers of pesticides in the body are also beginning to concern experts. In 1989, controversy arose over safe pesticide levels for children. While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) claimed that the U. S. food supplies were safe, the National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) produced a study claiming that the safety standards used by the EPA were based on adult diet and physiologies. Some other problems have been attracting public attention. Certain pesticides are lethal to bees, and it is estimated that heavy pesticide use, especially in areas that depend on bees to pollinate crops, have caused substantial reduction in local hive populations. Finally, it has been suggested that the build up of non-degradable pesticides in the soil and in food chain may be more hazardous, in the long run, than these immediate problems. At this point, however, even the claims made against DDT which was banned in the United States because of its supposed deleterious effects and its bioconcentration in the food chain are still denied by many experts. (Baker, pp. 11-13) Frankly, I am more concerned about the solutions than I am with the causes. .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .postImageUrl , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:hover , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:visited , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:active { border:0!important; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:active , .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09 .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub13969dcb08333dc19205a7d8daa6e09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: International Business Essay Clearly exposure to limits of pesticides in food, and in particular, produce, needs to be given further attention. It was not so long ago when President Clinton and Al Gore first took office, and they both voiced their commitment to the environment. Unfortunately, fruits and vegetables, especially throughout the United States and in particular, California, are exposed to heavy concentrations of pesticides, which inevitably ends up in the food chain, and as well things which people themselves ingest. It seems as if every where you look, there they are: stirring about in your kitchen, hanging in the hallway, and

Faneuil Hall essays

Faneuil Hall essays In the early eighteenth century Boston did not have a central area to participate in commerce and civic duty. Street vendors who roamed the city with their pushcarts sold food and other items. Boston was the center of trade at this point in time and the need for a central marketplace was profound. The city was growing at a rapid pace and was running out of land. Businessmen from the outskirts of Boston brought trash and dirt to the harbor. The men dumped the dirt off of the piers and eventually created piles large enough to cover with fill and build on. Many say that parts of Boston were stolen from the sea. The CAS building is a prime example of an area that was built on a dump. If Boston were to ever be hit with an earthquake many of its structures would fall into the Charles River or the harbor. In 1742, Faneuil hall was constructed on the soft sediment fill. Peter Faneuil, a wealthy Bostonian, donated the citys first market place. Faneuil hall is one of the most promi nent open spaces in Boston. The site is only open to pedestrians and is characterized by its unique cobblestone streets. There are three markets (North, South, Quincy) that define the barriers of the marketplace. The area is alive with the characteristics of both the old world and the new. The most remarkable and identifiable aspect of Faneuil hall in 1762 was its usage. Originally constructed in 1742 by Smibert, it burnt to the ground nineteen years later. In 1762 the hall was used as a meeting place for the men who organized the American Revolution. In 1805 Charles Bullfinch was chosen to renovate the hall so that it could better serve the expanding city. Faneuil hall was originally three-barrel tunnel rows wide and constructed of a brick. Bullfinch and his team expanded it to seven and incorporated the existing structure of the hall into the renovation. He also added a third floor, which was pr ...

Effects of Medical Marijuana and Marijuana on the Brain System Research Paper

Effects of Medical Marijuana and Marijuana on the Brain System - Research Paper Example These compounds are called cannabinoids. The THC content varies according to the source of cannabis and its preparation (Ashton). Nonmedicinal effect of marijuana is the intoxication it can produce. Marijuana is rolled as cigarettes and smoked. The odor of the smoke is distinct, pungent, and sweet-and-sour. Marijuana is consumed along with food and its decoction is served as tea. All variants of marijuana produce initial excitement followed by depression (NIH). Marijuana is used in ayurveda for its medicinal properties. Its derivatives act as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hallucinogenic, and sedative. Marijuana is recommended in cancer chemotherapy as an antiemetic and for treating glaucoma. Marijuana plant in ayurveda is used for its hallucinogenic, hypnotic, sedative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. (Rajasekar). Medical marijuana or medical cannabis is available as leaves and flowering tops. Medical marijuana is a schedule I drug. Derivatives of cannabis or marijuana are in use for their medicinal actions in United States and Canada for a long time. Such derivatives are dronabinol and nabilone that are schedule III and schedule II drugs respectively. Another derivative ‘nabiximol’ has not been approved by the USFDA (Borgelt, Franson and Nussbaum). The nature of formulation and patient’s character influence the pharmacological actions of cannabinoid compounds. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 respond differently. The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exerts primary psychoactive actions. Cannabinoid derivatives dronabinol and nabilone are used for treating nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy. It is also given to patients suffering from anorexia due to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cannabis compounds are recommended for treating pain and muscle spasms (Borgelt, Franson and Nussbaum). More than 400 compounds are present in herbal cannabis. The plant genus cannabis contains more than 60

Anaysing Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anaysing Organization - Essay Example The following pÐ °per will discuss this link Ð °ssessing operÐ °ting environment of TÐ °nglewood store. Discussion will be mÐ °de bÐ °sing on one of mÐ °nÐ °gement pÐ °rÐ °digms used to review the wÐ °y Ð °n orgÐ °nizÐ °tion functions. The most suitÐ °ble pÐ °rÐ °digm in discussion of orgÐ °nizÐ °tionÐ °l culture Ð °nd structure is interpretive discourse. Current paradigm was chosen because it assists in defining organizational culture and visualizing the structure of an organization.( As long as interpretetive paradigm aims to characterize how people experience the world, the ways they interact together, and the settings in which these interactions take place and thus, the discussion in present paper will be based on this specific approach (Burrell, MorgÐ °n, 1979). In the end, current pÐ °per will provide recommendÐ °tions for Ð °n orgÐ °nizÐ °tion in frÐ °mes of chosen pÐ °rÐ °digm. The structurÐ °l chÐ °nges of orgÐ °nizÐ °tionÐ °l strÐ °tegy Ð °re presented Ð °nd recommendÐ °tions to the top mÐ °nÐ °gement teÐ °m Ð °t TÐ °nglewood Ð °re provided. TÐ °nglewood is Ð ° leÐ °ding chÐ °in of retÐ °il stores proposing items such Ð °s clothing, Ð °ppliÐ °nces, electronics, Ð °nd home decor. There Ð °re Ð ° totÐ °l of 243 stores wÃ'â€"th more thÐ °n 29600 people employed in the stÐ °tes of WÐ °shington, Oregon, Northern CÐ °liforniÐ °, IdÐ °ho, MontÐ °nÐ °, Wyoming, ColorÐ °do, UtÐ °h, NevÐ °dÐ °, New Mexico, Ð °nd Ð rizonÐ °. The compÐ °ny operÐ °tes in the moderÐ °te price niche, tÐ °rgeting middle- Ð °nd upper-income customers. TÐ °nglewoods strÐ °tegic distinction is Ð °n â€Å"outdoors† theme, with Ð ° lÐ °rge cÐ °mping Ð °nd outdoor living section in every store. The store Ð °lso distinguishes itself by its simple, elegÐ °nt, Ð °nd uncluttered design concepts for the store Ð °nd their in-house products (Ð ilÐ °wÐ °di, Keller, 2005). The compÐ °nys mission stÐ °tement is: â€Å"TÐ °nglewood will be the best depÐ °rtment store for customers seeking quÐ °lity, durÐ °bility, Ð °nd vÐ °lue for Ð °ll Ð °spects of their

Supply chain strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply chain strategies - Essay Example Especially in the recession stricken economic situation of today, new innovative ways of managing supply chains have to be devised. What follows are five such prominent strategies. Strategy 1: Adopting a demand-driven approach to production based on inputs from real-time demand data. This strategy quite useful both when applied to pre-production and post-production supply chain processes. A key aspect of SCM is the ability to accurately predict likely future demands. But it is equally important to be able to fall back on contingency plans that could mitigate the effects of natural disasters, political instabilities and suppliers going out of business, etc. By planning for these, â€Å"companies then can adjust pricing and promotions strategies to shape demand, move additional product quickly, drive revenue growth, or further expand margins for a high-demand product with limited market supply. The key is to have the foresight to leverage opportunities and mitigate challenging events so that your business not only survives, but succeeds.† (Muzumdar, 2010) Strategy 2 is Optimization of product designs for supply, manufacturing and sustainability so that innovative processes could be applied. In the highly competitive business environment of today, innovation can make the difference between survival and bankruptcy.

Effects Of The Pocari Sports Drink

Effects Of The Pocari Sports Drink The purpose of this study is to find what effects the sport drink Pocari sweat has on some selected physiological variables. The main aim of the sports research world is to improve athletes performance. The ways in which this is accomplished is by either developing products to aid in performance or determining how to make an athletes body more efficient in sport activities. Two main research areas are water and sports drinks. The human body is composed of nearly 60% water (Guyton Hall, 2006). The importance of water in the body cannot be overstated. If an individual goes without water for only a few days he will die. One of the most important functions of water in the body is temperature regulation and maintaining normal blood pressure. On the other hand sports drinks are improving and develop the level of athletic achievement, especially in sports. Sports drinks play a major role in fluid homeostasis, because exercise may lead to substantial sweat losses, considerable attention has been given to the electrolyte composition of sweat and the possible need to replace these electrolytes during exercise. The only valid method to determine total sweat electrolyte losses during exercise is the analysis of whole-body sweat. Also sports drinks are necessary to compensate lost of fluids and to maintain the level of physiological variables during high intensity exercise. Furthermore , during exercise , the body will lose water and energy as a consequence of sweating. Fluid replacement is critical to ameliorate the deterioration in physiological function and performance that accompanies dehydration (Convertino et al, 1996). Iman identifies in his study some physiological variables to the players long distances under the influence of high intensity accompanied by drinking of different types of liquids or no drink during the different times, as well as to identify differences on heart rate as an indicator of the efficiency of the heart when dealing with fluids between different times. (Saying too many things making this sentence very long, complex and confusing. Break this into shorter sentences to describe one idea at time). In addition to the experimental method used in this study, research was done on a sample of 9 athletes who were national long distance runners from Iraq. The most important devices and tools that were used in this study were: body weight medical apparatus, treadmill, ECG, and clock radio with a belt (to measure and monitor the heart rate). Some of the more important points inferred from this study were : first, that a lack of fluid in the first group has a negative effect on heart rate during high intensity physical workouts and during the period of rest. Second, drinking of liquids (water, glucose) by the second group and the third group has a positive impact in maintaining a low heart rate during high intensity physical workouts and the stage of recovery. These positive cases are the effect of liquids on the athletes. Third, sodium intake had a negative impact on the fourth group where their heart rates were high during high intensity physical workouts and the stage of recovery. (I man, 2001) In another study by Isabela et al, the participants who volunteered were twenty soccer players). Players were allocated to two assigned trials according to their positional roles in the team: CHO group (ingesting a 6% carbohydrate electrolyte solution at regular 15 minutes intervals) and NCHO (ingesting no fluid) during 75 min on field soccer game. During the trials, body mass loss, heart rate, time spent running, number of sprints and core temperature were measured. There were statistically significant changes (p The main finding of this study provides encouraging evidence that soccer players should drink a carbohydrate electrolyte drink throughout a match to avoid the negative consequences of dehydration, especially regarding performance. (Isabela et al, 2004) According to Neil (2007) the water or fluid important to the maintenance of sweat rates, especially in the heat, is extremely important for temperature regulation. In hypohydrated individuals, the compromise between cardiovascular function and temperature regulation is broken and sweat rates and skin blood flow are reduced to maintain adequate cardiac output. Fluid replacement during exercise appears to offset thermal strain caused by dehydration. Dehydration prior to exercise leads to excess heat storage due to a reduction in sweat sensitivity when individuals were not allowed to drink fluids during exercise. When individuals were allowed to drink cool water ad libitum, heat storage was reduced and sweat sensitivity and cardiovascular function (HR) were restored. Similarly, complete restoration of body fluids during exercise by forced water intake equal to fluid lost during exercise results in uncompromised cardiovascular function, indicated by cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate, and temperature regulation. However, it should be noted that, although typically occurring less often than significant hypohydration, research has correlated incidences of hyponatremia during exercise with large quantities of dilute beverages, such as water especially in individuals that are predisposed to excess water intake and inappropriate suppres sion of arginine-vasopressin. a study by Edward (2004) showed that creating a practical recommendations for fluid and fuel intake during exercise based upon interpretation of the scientific literature, with heavy reliance upon controlled laboratory studies as well as careful study of athletes in the field during training and competition. the amounts of water, carbohydrate and salt that athletes are advised to ingest during exercise are based upon their effectiveness in attenuating both fatigue as well as illness due to hyperthermia, dehydration or hyperhydration. (Meaning, punctuation, are unclear for this paragraph) When possible, fluid should be ingested at rates that most closely match sweating rate. When that ingestion rate is not possible, practical or sufficiently ergogenic, some athletes might tolerate body water losses amounting to 2% without significant risk to physical well-being or performance in cold environment (e.g. 5-108C) or temperate environment (e.g. 21-228C). However, when exercising in a hot e nvironment (4308C), dehydration by 2% of body weight impairs absolute power production and predisposes individuals to heat injury. Fluid should not be ingested at rates in excess of sweating rate and thus body water and weight should not increase during exercise. Fatigue can be reduced by adding carbohydrate to the fluids consumed so that 30-60g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate are ingested throughout each hour of an athletic event. Furthermore, sodium should be included in fluids consumed during exercise lasting longer than 2 h or by individuals during any event that stimulates heavy sodium loss (more than 3-4 g of sodium). Athletes do not benefit by ingesting glycerol, amino acids or alleged precursors of neurotransmitter. Ingestion of other substances during exercise, with the possible exception of caffeine, is discouraged. Serge et al (2004) found that fluid levels are vital to help achieve maximum performance, with fluctuating electrolyte levels and dehydration in excess of 2% of body weight shown to consistently impair aerobic exercise performance. Several studies have confirmed that performance will be impaired when athletes are dehydrated. Endurance athletes have to drink beverages containing electrolyte and carbohydrate during and after training. Drinking during competition or training is desirable compared with liquid ingestion before or after training or competition only. Athletes seldom replace fluids fully due to sweat loss. Suitable hydration during training or competition will lead to enhanced performance, avoid resulting thermal stress, delay fatigue, and prevent injuries associated with dehydration and sweat loss. In contrast, hyperhydration or over-drinking before, during, and after endurance events may cause Na+ depletion and may lead to hyponatremia. It is imperative that endurance athl etes replace sweat loss by fluid intake containing about 4% to 8% of carbohydrate solution and electrolytes during training or competition. It is recommended that athletes drink approximately 500 mL of fluid solution 1 to 2 h before an event and continue to consume cool or cold drinks in regular intervals to replace liquid loss due to sweat. For intense prolonged exercise lasting longer than 1 h, athletes must consume between 30 and 60 g/h and drink between 600 and 1200 mL/h of a solution containing carbohydrate and Na+ (0.5 to 0.7 g/L of fluid). Maintaining suitable hydration before, during, and after training and competition will help decrease fluid loss, maintain performance, lower submaximal exercise heart rate, maintain plasma volume, and reduce heat stress, heat exhaustion, and possibly heat stroke. Suitable hydration during training or competition will lead to improve performance, avoid ensuing thermal stress, maintain plasma volume, delay fatigue, and prevent injuries associated with dehydration and sweat loss. Maughan et al, (1996) showed that it is generally accepted that the performance of prolonged exercise can be improved by the ingestion of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks during exercise. It is well established that the ingestion of carbohydrate-containing drinks can improve the performance of prolonged exercise. The present study examined the effects of ingestion of water and two dilute glucose-electrolyte drinks on exercise performance and on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise. Twelve subjects exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at a workload corresponding to 70% VO2 max on five occasions each separated by 1 week. The first trial served to accustom subjects to experimental conditions. On one trial, no drinks were given and on the others subjects drank 100 ml every 10 min. Drinks consisted of water, an isotonic glucose-electrolyte solution (I: 200 mmol/l glucose; 35 mmol/l NA2; 310 mosmol/kg) and a hypotonic glucose-electrolyte solution (H: 90 mmol/l glucose; 60 mmol/l Na+; 240 mosmol/kg). Treatment order was randomized. Blood and expired air samples were taken and heart rate and rectal temperature measured at intervals during exercise. Median exercise time was greatest for treatment H (110.3 min) followed by treatment I (107.3 min), water (93.1) and no drink (80.7). Endurance times differed significantly overall, and for pairwise comparisons (P According to George et al (1998) the onset of fatigue during prolonged submaximal high-intensity exercise is associated with (a) reduction, if not depletion, of muscle glycogen, (b) reduction in blood glucose concentration, and (c) dehydration. The sample for this study was nine subjects (eight men and one woman) ran to exhaustion on a motorised treadmill on two occasions separated by at least 10 days. After an overnight fast, they performed repeated 15 second bouts of fast running (at 80% VO2MAX for the first 60 minutes, at 85% VO2MAX from 60 to 100 minutes of exercise, and finally at 90% VO2MAX from 100 minutes of exercise until exhaustion), separated by 10 seconds of slow running (at 45% VO2MAX). On each occasion they drank either a water placebo (P) or a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO) solution immediately before the run and every 20 minutes thereafter. The result of this study was (showed that) performance times were not different between the two trials (112.5 (23.3) and 110.2 (21.4) min for the P and CHO trials respectively; mean (SD)). Blood glucose concentration was higher in the CHO trial only at 40 minutes of exercise (4.5 (0.6) v 3.9 (0.3) mmol/l for the CHO and P trials respectively; p These results suggest that drinking a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during repeated bouts of submaximal intermittent high intensity running does not delay the onset of fatigue. Another study done by Sergej Sanja (2002) showed that fatigue during prolonged submaximal high intensity exercise is associated with a reduction, of muscle glycogen, a reduction in blood glucose concentration, and dehydration. The participants in the study were twenty two professional male soccer players. The players were allocated to two assigned trials ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte drink or placebo during a 90 min on-field soccer match. The trials were matched for subjects age, weight, height and maximal oxygen uptake. Immediately after the match, players completed four soccer-specific skill tests. Blood glucose concentration (mean  ±SD) was higher at the end of the match-play in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the placebo trial (4.4 ±0.3 vs. 4.0 ±0.3 mmol.l-1, P The main finding of this study provides further supportive evidence that soccer players should drink carbohydrate-electrolyte fluid throughout a game to help prevent deterioration in specific skill performance and improve recovery. These findings have relevance in the design of optimal rehydration plan to improve performance and reduce fatigue and cardiovascular stress during match play. Study by Khanna Manna (2005) showed that loss of fluid electrolyte and reduction of the bodys carbohydrate stores are the major causes of fatigue in prolonged exercise. The objective of this study is to show if Carbohydrate-electrolyte drink has a significant role on energy balance during exercise. For this study, a total of 10 male athletes (age range: 20-25yr) were selected.) The experiment was performed in the laboratory in two phases; phase 1 no supplementation, and phase 2 a 5 g per cent carbohydrate-electrolyte drink was given orally during exercise and a 12.5 g per cent carbohydrate-electrolyte drink during recovery. Subjects performed an exercise test at 70% VO2max. Performance time, heart rate during exercise and recovery were noted, blood samples were collected during exercise and recovery for the analysis of glucose and lactate levels in both the phases. The result for this study found significant improvements were noted in total endurance time, heart rate responses and blood lactate during exercise at 70% VO2max after the supplementation of 5 g per cent carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. However, no significant changes were noted in blood glucose and peak lactate level irrespective of supplementation of carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. Significant improvement in cardiovascular responses, blood glucose and lactate removal were noted during recovery following a 12.5 g per cent carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. Therefore it may be concluded that carbohydrate replacement during exercise may enhance performance of sports and activities, which typically deplete body carbohydrate stores, by providing an additional fuel source for the muscle. Carbohydrate and electrolyte balance keeps low heart rate as well as low blood lactate level during exercise. Nicholas et al (1995), examined the effects of a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on performance during intermittent, high-intensity shuttle running designed to replicate the activity pattern of stop-and-go sports. Nine trained male games players performed two exercise trials, 7 days apart. On each occasion, they completed 75 min exercise, comprising of five 15-min periods of intermittent running, consisting of sprinting, interspersed with periods of jogging and walking (Part A), followed by intermittent running to fatigue (Part B). The subjects were randomly allocated either a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CHO) or a non-carbohydrate placebo (CON) immediately prior to exercise (5 ml kg-1 body mass) and every 15 min thereafter (2 ml kg-1 body mass). Venous blood samples were obtained at rest, during and after each PIHSRT for the determination of glucose, lactate, plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, ammonia, and serum insulin and electrolyte concentrations. During Part B, th e subjects were able to continue running longer when fed CHO (CHO = 8.9  ± 1.5 min vs CON = 6.7  ± 1.0 min; P Carey, et al determined the effect of fat adaptation on metabolism and performance during 5 h of cycling in seven competitive athletes who consumed a standard carbohydrate (CHO) diet for 1 day and then either a high-CHO diet (11 gzkg21 zday21 CHO, 1 gzkg21 zday21 fat; HCHO) or an isoenergetic high-fat diet (2.6 gzkg21 zday21 CHO, 4.6 gzkg21 zday21 fat; fat-adapt) for 6 days. On day 8, subjects consumed a high-CHO diet and rested. On day 9, subjects consumed a preexercise meal and then cycled for 4 h at 65% peak O2 uptake, followed by a 1-h time trial (TT). Compared with baseline, 6 days of fat-adapt reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with cycling at 65% peak O2 uptake [0.78 6 0.01 (SE) vs. 0.85 6 0.02; P, 0.05]. However, RER was restored by 1 day of high-CHO diet, preexercise meal, and CHO ingestion (0.88 6 0.01; P, 0.05). RER was higher after HCHO than fat-adapt (0.85 6 0.01, 0.89 6 0.01, and 0.93 6 0.01 for days 2, 8, and 9, respectively; P, 0.05). Fat oxidation during the 4- h ride was greater (171 6 32 vs. 119 6 38 g; P, 0.05) and CHO oxidation lower (597 6 41 vs. 719 6 46 g; P, 0.05) after fat-adapt. Power output was 11% higher during the TT after fat-adapt than after HCHO (312 6 15 vs. 279 6 20 W; P 5 0.11). In conclusion(?), this is the first investigation to determine the effects of a high-fat diet and CHO restoration on metabolism and performance during ultraendurance exercise. The researchers found that 6 days of exposure to a high-fat, low-CHO diet, followed by 1 day of CHO restoration, increased fat oxidation during prolonged, submaximal exercise, yet, despite this sparing of CHO, this study failed to detect a statistically significant benefit to performance of a 1-h TT undertaken after 4 h of continuous cycling. (Carey et al, 2001) Alford et al (2000) found for red bull drink(,) many effects and benefit for athlete therefore this study conform the drink consume extra amounts of fluid before they become thirsty. The researchers studied the effect of Red Bull drink which included some hydration, electrolyte and energy enhancements on 36 volunteers. This was done in 3 studies. Assessments included psychomotor performance (reaction time, concentration, and memory), subjective alertness and physical endurance. When compared with control drinks, Red Bull Energy Drink significantly (P _ 0.05) improved aerobic endurance (maintaining 65-75% max. heart rate) and anaerobic performance (maintaining max. speed) on cycle ergometers. Significant improvements in mental performance included choice reaction time, concentration (number cancellation) and memory (immediate recall), which reflected increased subjective alertness. These consistent and wide ranging improvements in performance are interpreted as reflecting the effects of the combination of ingredients. Neil et al, (1999) in a study showed that exercise is known to cause physiological changes that could affect the impact of nutrients on appetite control. This study was designed to assess the effect of drinks containing either sucrose or high-intensity sweeteners on food intake following exercise. Using a repeated-measures design, three drink conditions were employed: plain water (W), a low-energy drink sweetened with artificial sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame- K (L), and a high-energy, sucrose-sweetened drink (H). Following a period of challenging exercise (70% VO2 max for 50 min), subjects consumed freely from a particular drink before being offered a test meal at which energy and nutrient intakes were measured. The degree of pleasantness (palatability) of the drinks was also measured before and after exercise. At the test meal, energy intake following the artificially sweetened (L) drink was significantly greater than after water and the sucrose (H) drinks ( p , 0.05). Compare d with the artificially sweetened (L) drink, the high-energy (H) drink suppressed intake by approximately the energy contained in the drink itself However, there was no difference between the water (W) and the sucrose (H) drink on test meal energy intake. When the net effects were compared (i.e., drink1 test meal energy intake), total energy intake was significantly lower after the water (W) drink compared with the two sweet (L and H) drinks. The exercise period brought about changes in the perceived pleasantness of the water, but had no effect on either of the sweet drinks. The remarkably precise energy compensation demonstrated after the higher energy sucrose drink suggests that exercise may prime the system to respond sensitively to nutritional manipulations. The results may also have implications for the effect on short-term appetite control of different types of drinks used to quench thirst during and after exercise. According to Maurin Fisher (2005), body composition will vary according to energy intake and expenditure. Energy is basically expended three ways. Energy is required for the following processes: resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF), and physical activity. RMR is essentially determined by the amount of lean or fat-free tissue, which accounts for 60-75% of total daily energy expenditure. TEF is approximately 10% of total energy expenditure, while the effect of physical activity is highly variable and individualized. Individuals who have a greater amount of lean tissue will have a 5% higher resting metabolic rate compared to individuals with a greater amount of body fat. Consumption of carbohydrate or fat will increase metabolic rate by 5% of total energy consumed, while a meal consisting of only protein may increase metabolic rate as much as 25%. Excess intake of any macronutrient above what the body uses will be stored as fat. If carbohydrate intake is inadequate , protein needs will increase, since protein normally used to synthesis tissue and perform various other functions would need to be used for energy. Dietary intake of at least 100 grams of carbohydrate per day will prevent ketosis and the breakdown of muscle tissue Daily energy intake is an important factor for muscle tissue formation and growth, which takes place during ositive nitrogen balance. Dehydration has been proposed to decrease lactic acid buffering ability of the body. However, current research suggests dehydration leads to Lactate Threshold occurring at lower absolute exercise intensity .It has been shown that subjects performing 5 and 10 km time trials in a dehydrated state compared with subjects in a hydrated state have decreased blood lactate concentrations (Kenefick, 2002). Therefore, if the blood lactate concentrations are lower, the subjects Lactate Threshold is at higher absolute exercise intensity. In other investigations there have been no detected changes in blood lactate levels when comparing a dehydrated to a hydrated state. (Kenefick, 2002). The varying information regarding the correlation between hydration and its effects on lactate accumulation in the blood may be due to the protocol used in hydrating or dehydrating subjects. Armstrong et al used a diuretic method to dehydrate their subjects (-2% body mass). Other research methods include saunas, extended exercise without hydration, and exercise with or without a sweat suit. Due to the conflicting results, it has not been determined whether a certain level of hydration will adversely affect blood lactate accumulation. Aaron et al (2007) found in his study that rating of perceived exertion (RPE) could be a practical measure of global exercise intensity in team sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate (%HRpeak) and blood lactate ([BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢]) measures of exercise intensity with each players RPE during soccer-specific aerobic exercises. Mean individual %HRpeak, [BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢] and RPE (Borgs CR 10-scale) were recorded from 20 amateur soccer players from 67 soccer-specific small-sided games training sessions over an entire competitive season. The small-sided games were performed in three 4 min bouts separated with 3 min recovery on various sized pitches and involved 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-players on each side. A stepwise linear multiple regression was used to determine a predictive equation to estimate global RPE for small-sided games from [BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢] and %HRpeak. Partial correlation coefficients were also calculated to assess the rela tionship between RPE, [BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢] and %HRpeak. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that 43.1% of the adjusted variance in RPE could be explained by HR alone. The addition of [BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢] data to the prediction equation allowed for 57.8% of the adjusted variance in RPE to be predicted (Y =à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢9.49à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢0.152 %HRpeak + 1.82 [BLaà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢], p Kovacs, et al (1998) observed that caffeine (Caf) ingestion improves endurance performance. The effect of the addition of different dosages of caffeine (Caf) to a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) on metabolism, Caf excretion, and performance was examined. The subjects of this study was Fifteen healthy male ingested 8 ml/kg of water placebo (Pla-W), 7% CES (Pla-CES), or 7% CES with 150, 225, and 320 mg/l Caf (CES-150, CES-225, and CES-320, respectively) during a warm-up protocol (20 min) and 3 ml/kg at one-third and two-thirds of a 1-h time trial. Performance was improved with Caf supplementation: 62.5 61.3, 61.5 61.1, 60.4 6 1.0, 58.9 61.0 and 58.9 6 1.2 min for Pla-W, Pla-CES, CES-150, CES-225, and CES-320, respectively. The post exercise urinary Caf concentration (range 1.3-2.5 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml) was dose dependent and always far below the doping level of the International Olympic Committee (12 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml) in all subjects. Sweat Caf excretion during exercise exceeded post exerc ise early-void urinary Caf excretion. Caffeinated CES did not enhance free fatty acid availability, ruling out the fact that performance improvement resulted from enhanced fat oxidation. It is concluded that addition of relatively low amounts of Caf to CES improves performance and that post exercise urinary Caf concentration remained low. Additionally, Caf intake during exercise appears to have no effect on sweat loss, body temperature, and plasma volume. Study by Grandjean et al, (2000) was in examining the effect of various combinations of beverages on hydration status in healthy free-living adult males. In a counterbalanced, crossover manner, 18 healthy adult males ages 24 to 39, on four separate occasions, consumed water or water plus varying combinations of beverages. Clinical guidelines were used to determine the fluid allowance for each subject. The beverages were carbonated, caffeinated caloric and non-caloric colas and coffee. Ten of the 18 subjects consumed water and carbonated, non-caffeinated, citrus soft drink during a fifth trial. Body weight, urine and blood assays were measured before and after each treatment. Slight body weight loss was observed on all treatments, with an average of 0.30% for all treatments. No differences (p.0.05) among treatments were found for body weight changes or any of the biochemical assays. Biochemical assays conducted on first voids and 24-hour urines included electrolytes, creatine, osmolal ity and specific gravity. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, electrolytes, osmolality, urea nitrogen, creatinine and protein. This preliminary study found no significant differences in the effect of various combinations of beverages on hydration status of healthy adult males. Advising people to disregard caffeinated beverages as part of the daily fluid intake is not substantiated by the results of this study. The across-treatment weight loss observed, when combined with data on fluid-disease relationships, suggests that optimal fluid intake may be higher than common recommendations. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to explore optimal fluid intake for healthy individuals. According to Gianluca et al (1996) Insulin resistance in the offspring of parents with non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the best predictor of development of the disease and probably plays an important part in its pathogenesis. The researchers studied the mechanism and degree to which exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in these subjects. Ten adult children of parents with NIDDM and eight normal subjects were studied before starting an aerobic exercise-training program, after one session of exercise, and after six weeks of exercise. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry, and the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle and the intramuscular glucose- 6-phosphate concentration were measured by carbon- 13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. During the base-line study, the mean (_SE) rate of muscle glycogen synthesis was 63_9 percent lower in the offspring of diabetic parents than in the normal subjects (P_0.001). The mean value increased 69_ 10 percent (P_0.04) and 62 _ 11 percent (P_ 0.04) after the first exercise session and 102 _ 11 percent (P_ 0.02) and 97_ 9 percent (P_ 0.008) after six weeks of exercise training in the offspring and the normal subjects, respectively. The increment in glucose-6-phosphate during hyperglycemic- hyperinsulinemic clamping was lower in the offspring than in the normal subjects (0.039_ 0.013 vs. 0.089_ 0.009 mmol per liter, P_0.005), reflecting reduced glucose transport-phosphorylation, but this increment was normal in the offspring after the first exercise session and after exercise training. Basal and stimulated insulin secretion was higher in the offspring than the normal subjects and was not altered by the exercise training program. Exercise increases insulin sensitivity in both norm al subjects and the insulin-resistant offspring of diabetic parents because of a twofold increase in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in muscle, due to an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose transport-phosphorylation. In a study by Hassan et al (1999) it was argued that

The World of Transgender, Homosexual, and Intersex Individuals Essay ex

Sex and gender make up one of the most basic functions in our society. Gender helps delineate tasks and how we refer to people, and is reinforced for us throughout our lives (Lorber 2006). Gender interacts with sex in varying ways (Disch 2006). Those who are not strictly heterosexual male or female are not readily accepted and face adversity as they bend gender and defy sex. It has long been debated whether there is a difference between sex and gender, and if so, what that difference is. In recent years it has been suggested that sex is a purely biological term, and gender is socially constructed, or defined and enforced by society. Sex is assigned at birth based on the genitalia, and usually, gender is determined by the sex. If parents are told their baby is a girl, they will reinforce traditional female stereotypes for her whole life. Society and peers will also help to reinforce her gender as she begins to spend more time outside of her immediate family. In this way, gender is a process, whereas sex is simply a static characteristic based on one’s physical appearance. The more dynamic process of gendering, however, defines â€Å"man† and â€Å"woman,† teaches one to see and internalize what is expected from one’s gender, and to act according to those expectations (Lorber 2006). When one’s biological sex and one’s internal gender are the same (a female with a vagina or a male with a penis), one is cissexual, or non-transgender. However, when one is born with the inappropriate sexual equipment, one is transgender, or one who feels one gender but has the sex organs of the other. The misalignment of sexual and gender identities raises a puzzling question. If gender is solely based on one’s genitalia, as biological determi... ... eschew them as I examine the world from other perspectives. It is still difficult to avoid this white privilege in looking at the world around me, but I have realized how lucky I am, and have become more interested in those unlike myself. I look forward to learning more about the diversity of our world throughout the rest of this class. Works Cited Associated Press. 2005. â€Å"Boi or grrl? Pop culture redefining gender.† MSNBC, October 1. Retrieved October 13, 2007 (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9556134/). Goldberg, Alan. (Producer). 2007, April 25. 20/20: My secret self [Television broadcast]. ABC News. Lane, Ruth. 2007. â€Å"Book excels in gender issues: Encourages student in identifying, coping during changes.† The Spectator, September 27, 6B. Lauer, Jeanette C. and Robert H. Lauer. 2006. Social Problems and the Quality of Life. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Create Your Own Weight Loss Pill Essay

In 2004, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ranked obesity as the number one health risk facing America. Obesity currently results in an estimated 400,000 deaths a year in the United States and costs the national economy nearly $122. 9 billion annually. Childhood obesity affects more than 15 percent of the population under 18 years old that is classified as overweight. Obesity not only impacts lifestyle but can also lead to lower self-esteem, cause depression and discomfort in social situations, and significantly diminish quality of life. Obesity also increases a person’s risk for developing serious obesity-related health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome. With this information and obesity playing such a role in today’s society I have decided to research and design my own weight loss supplement, using ingredients, herbs, extracts and vitamins that I know to be not only effective in helping men and women lose weight, but also relatively healthy considering how many different weight loss products and options there are for sale in America today. For my weight loss supplement I chose to use 5 select ingredients that I have personally used in some form or another through my time as a personal trainer and work out fanatic. My five ingredients are as follows; Caffeine Anhydrous, Green Tea Extract, L-Carnitine, Vitamin B-12 and Vitamin D3. My rationale for choosing these five ingredients is partly due to the restriction and limitations given to me by this assignment, but also because as I stated before I personally have seen weight loss results and know the potential benefits with each ingredient I listed and think they not only help individuals with weight management, specifically weight loss and appetite control, but also feel as though they are safe enough for the majority of men and women to take on a daily basis in order to help expedite the weight loss process, which can be so very difficult for people, specially as they age and their metabolism slows down. This supplement I will provide not only enhances metabolism but also directly targets fat on the persons body for use as energy during a workout, which in turn will help speed up the potential for weight loss and success in that persons exercise program, Obviously results will vary as with any supplement depending on the persons diet and consistency with their workouts, genetics, and potential other health limitations. Once again the five ingredients I chose were Caffeine, Green Tea, L-Carnitine, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D3. I will now discuss each supplement individually, their dosing in my product and exactly how each one will potentially help benefit the consumer in their weight loss efforts. I will then talk a little about the possible negative side effects and any other pertinent information someone might need while using this product. First, the king of all the metabolism boosting supplements, Caffeine Anhydrous; in my opinion nothing can potentially help people lose weight quicker and more effectively than good old Caffeine. Bodybuilders will actually use instant coffee grounds in their pre workout shakes sometimes in order to get that quick buzz of energy before a workout. It is in almost every weight loss product in stores today and everyone knows its positive side effects, primarily energy. The way I see it the more energy and higher metabolism you have during the day the more likely you are to go workout, eat less and more importantly lose fat in the process. The body loses weight fairly scientifically for the most part, calories in versus calories out. If someone is able to boost their metabolism and therefore burn more calories in a day than they are supposed to be consuming then weight loss should occur. Although research about the connection between caffeine and weight isn’t definitive, there are several theories about how caffeine might affect weight, including: †¢ Appetite suppression. Caffeine may reduce your desire to eat for a brief time, but there’s not enough evidence to show that long-term consumption aids weight loss. Calorie burning. Caffeine may stimulate thermogenesis — one way your body generates heat and energy from digesting food. But this probably isn’t enough to produce significant weight loss. †¢ Water loss. In some people, caffeine can act as a diuretic, which means it increases the amount of urine you excrete. This increase in urine output, mostly water loss, may temporarily decrease your body weight, but it doesn’t result in the loss of body fat. As you can see Caffeine on its own isn’t a total cure all for weight loss but its potential positive benefits far outweigh the negatives and combined with the 4 other ingredients in my supplement I believe weight loss will occur. I would dose the Caffeine Anhydrous at 150mg per pill, with that pill being taken twice daily on an empty stomach, hopefully once before a workout. My next ingredient in my weigh loss product is Green Tea Extract, specifically Camellia Sinensis, which is the pure extract form. I would combine this with the caffeine at 250mg per pill, also taken twice daily. Most importantly is the EGCG in the Green Tea. I would dose 125mg of the 250mg of Green Tea specifically as the EGCG form. EGCG is short for Epigallocatechin gallate, one of the active ingredients found in green tea. Recent studies on green tea and on EGCG itself have supported EGCG’s ability to assist in weight loss. ECGC has anti-oxidant properties. Anti-oxidants protect the body’s cells from free radicals. Free radicals are believed to be responsible for many diseases and conditions in the body including cancer, auto-immune diseases, and heart disease. EGCG is found in many weight loss aids in varying strengths. As well as being an anti-oxidant, EGCG, along with the caffeine in green tea, produce a thermogenic response in the body. Thermogenesis creates heat in the body and boosts the metabolic system, increasing the speed of adipose (fat) tissue breakdown. Several studies have backed up this claim and green tea and EGCG are considered the front-runners of weight loss ingredients. Next up on my list of ingredients in my weigh loss product is L-Carnitine. I would add 1000mg of L-Carnitine to my supplement, also to be taken twice daily. L-carnitine is a substance, made from amino acids, which helps your body burn fat for energy. Taking a carnitine supplement could potentially help promote weight loss and improve your exercise performance. L-carnitine works to convert fat into energy in your body and is used in many parts of your body, particularly your muscle tissues, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Carnitine is found in dairy products and meats, but your body manufactures all it needs from methionine and lysine. In some people, carnitine production is inhibited, creating a deficiency. People who have certain genetic conditions, diabetes, liver cirrhosis and heart conditions all tend to have carnitine deficiencies. L-carnitine could help you lose weight by improving your fat-to-muscle ratio, or body composition, says the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Carnitine supplements are also sometimes used to improve athletic or exercise performance. Carnitine might potentially help to reduce your body’s fat mass and increase muscle mass, as well as reduce fatigue, notes the University of Maryland Medical Center. Having taken Carnitine myself for many years I have always felt that this supplement worked well on it’s own, but ultimately better when stacked in conjunction with other thermogenic and weight loss supplements such as Caffeine and Green Tea, which is why I chose to combine the three together for my weight loss product. Not only will there be potential health and weight loss benefits, but the negative side effects are few and far between which is hard to say for some of the more controversial weight loss supplements out there. Lastly I will talk about the two Vitamins I chose to add to my weight loss product; those being Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D3. Both of these vitamins are excellent for ones overall health but also may help increase metabolism and weight loss in individuals. Vitamin D3 stands out as one of the most overlooked yet most important nutrients for weight loss and a whole host of other disorders. The body has thousands of different receptors for vitamin D3 and its metabolites all over the body, helping to explain the wide variety of benefits attributed to the vitamin. It has been shown to benefit insulin resistance, cancer and autoimmune conditions, as well as maintaining strong bones. However, a vitamin D3 metabolite is also required to activate the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Without this enzyme, the body cannot make dopamine. Low mood and reduced metabolism are the consequences (incidentally, this is what is commonly ‘diagnosed’ as Seasonal Affective Disorder and sees patients plied with anti-depressant medication). Vitamin D3 deficiency is on the rise throughout the Western world, as increasing numbers of individuals work through the daylight hours in offices, then cover themselves from head to toe in sunscreen when on holiday. Many other issues can play a role in the inability to lose weight, such as hormonal imbalance, fungal infection, dehydration, stress, but naturally all these issues are made worse by a lack of minerals. Nourishing your body with the level of vitamins and minerals it has evolved with should remain your first priority in any regime, especially when it comes to weight loss. I would add 1000IU of Vitamin D3 to my weight loss supplement to be taken twice daily.

Government Sales and Auctions

Government Sales and Auctions What does the U.S. government have going for it when it comes to public sales and auctions? Diversity. From Treasury bills to wild horses and houses, you name it and a government agency probably sells it.Best of all from the consumers standpoint, the government is not out to make a profit, so most items are sold at or below cost or fair market value.Plus, purchasing from the government helps to defer ​the  cost of running the government, which saves taxpayers dollars. Personal Property Sales Some of the best buys available can be found in government sales of personal property. Boats, cars, planes, jewelry, mineral rights, animals and more. Be sure to visit the GSAs Auction SuperSite. Auto Sales Its easy and economical to purchase a pre-owned vehicle from the U.S. government. Join the thousands of people who buy at government auto auctions. Real Property/Real Estate Houses, land, apartments and commercial buildings, farms and ranches. Includes links to information on buying homes from HUD. Into the money market? Financial Assets Treasury bonds, savings bonds, securities, etc. Miscellaneous Sales and Auctions Stamps, coins, jewelry, collectables, souvenirs and more. Buying Advice Before you whip out the plastic, there are  some important basic tips and information you need to know about buying merchandise or property in government sales and auctions: Guide to Federal Government Sales This document from the General Services Agency (GSA) delivers the factual information you need to participate in the Federal Government’s various sales and auction programs. It also helps combat the many misleading advertisements that offer to sell consumers inside information about Federal Government sales and auctions. Buying Raw Land As the Interior Department says, homesteading is a thing of the past, and you will not find free land or land for A-Dollar-an-Acre, but the federal government does sell land. Lands identified as excess to the publics and Governments needs or more suited to private ownership are sometimes offered for sale. The federal lands sold by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) are generally unimproved rural woodland, grassland or desert parcels located mostly in the western states. The parcels are typically not served by utilities like electricity, water or sewer, and may not be accessible by maintained roads. In other words, the parcels for sale are truly â€Å"in the middle of nowhere.† Buying Used Government Property When items are no longer needed by the federal government, The General Services Administration (GSA) stretches your tax dollar by offering them for sale to the public. GSA sells a wide variety of items that would interest both individuals and businesses. Look here for details and addresses of GSA sales facilities across the nation. How to Buy Surplus Military Property Various commercial firms sell literature regarding the sale of Department of Defense (DoD) property and/or advertise sales of DoD property, and suggest that DoD sells real estate, jeeps, confiscated and seized properly. DoD does not sell these items. The type of property DoD does sell, how it may be purchased is explained in this pamphlet.

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Essays

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Essays Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Paper Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Paper In this report, we Will go through two experiments, Which are the fundamental circuits of operational amplifiers: non-inverting and inverting amplifier circuits, to analyze the difference between ideal and real pop-amps. For the following section, the relevant theory will be introduced, and then the detail and results of the experiments Will be discussed before proceeding to conclusion. Theory Figure 1 The pop amp and its ideal attributes As the Figurer shown, operational amplifier has two inputs labeled (+) and (-) with positive and negative power supply, and a single output. It is primarily a sigh gain differential amplifier which amplifies the difference tot voltages been two inputs. The output voltage of the amplifier Bout is given by the following formula: Bout = A (VT V-) Where A is the open loop voltages gain of the amplifier, which typically is very large about ISO at low frequency. And V- are the non-inverting and inverting input voltage respectively. From the equation, output voltage is entirely governed by the difference between the two input voltages. However for real pop-amps inputs do draw a small amount of current and the output voltage is affected by the output current drawn. Poor the analysis, both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers are applying negative feedback. It cause the V- to increase, hence voltages Of the two input terminals Will be much closed together. And the input draw current is assumed to be zero. Therefore Kerchiefs first (current) Law and Kerchiefs second (voltage) Law could be applied. Experiment The main apparatus for this experiment are the test board with TLS power supply, Kingwood ACCESS oscilloscope, Homage DVDs, and the input signal function generator is Homage HM80030-2. Inverting amplifier: Bout=-RFC Vein Inverting amplifier: Figure 2 Inverting Amplifier Constructing the circuit of an inverting amplifier as shown in figure 2 on the test board. In order to make an amplifier with a gain of . 10, setting RI 2. 7 k and RFC = 27 aquaplaning a Homage signal generator, a KHz sine wave was supply into the amplifier input, the amplitude should be adjusted to low values to prevent waveform distortion occur. Moreover, connecting the input and output of amplifier to X-Y channels of the Oscilloscope, to check the waveform and verity the amplification, If both inputs are held at a common zero, the offset voltage will not be zero as deadly owing to a small amount of bias currents and internal imbalances of a real amplifier. Setting the oscilloscope to X-Y mode, a graph like Figure 3 will be display in the screen. The output offset voltage which is the sum of two independent variables, one is Input offset voltage (Vein offal the other one is input bias current (In bias ). The equation of the Bout off is given below: Bout off=Vein offal+RFC+line bias RFC For the experimental purpose, the values of RI and RFC should be varied to form simultaneous equations, as a result, Vein Off and In bias could be derived separately. When applying RI = 2. Non and RFC = kick , the value of offset voltages Obtained was urn: furthermore, the value Of Bout Off increased to I Iron While RI = 0. Aka and RFC = Aka. Hence the simultaneous equation could be solved: offshoot 2. K*line bias ask Vein off= 0. 916 NV offal bias ask In bias 06. 92 an Figure 3 WY mode trace of Bout against Vein With the respect to Figure 3, the values foeman and Vein acquired from experiment are and -1 IV, therefore the real output voltage range is from -IV to +13. IV when  ±IV supply rails are being used. Additionally, two horizontal nines reveal that maximum and minimum output voltages will less than the supply rail voltages due to the energy losses in the internal resistors. Figure 4 Measurement of the output impedance Measure the output impedance of the inverting amplifier by setting input voltage to ground, and injecting a load current to output side by adding a signal generator which drives a 10 kHz sine wave via a 2200 resistor. Compare the difference between V out and V load shown in figure 4 by applying the oscilloscope, so that the output impedance could be derived by following equation Output impedance: V outlet here lout=(V load- V out)220 As the result, the value Of output impedance obtained from experiment is I . Q, which is quite small but still not equal to zero as ideal situation. In addition to this, V out Will rise when the frequency Of the signal is increasing; Meanwhile, the closed loop output impedance Will tend to zero. Because the deviation between the V out and V load is getting smaller. Inverting amplifier: Bout=1+Riving Non-inverting amplifier: Bout= 1 Vein Figure S: Nan-inverting amplifier Converting the circuit in to non-inverti ng amplifier and using the same values of RFC and RI ,Moreover, applying the signal to the positive input of pop-amps, thus a positive gain can be acquired Much more interesting, the output offset voltage and output impedance will stay the same as values obtained from inverting amplifier. The reason is the resistors for both circuits are consistent. Discussion Prom the investigation Of the experiments, the gain Of non-ideal amplifiers is finite and it could be affected by the changing in frequency and existence of input Offset voltages. Experiments have shown that there is error input voltage due to the non-zero bias currents flowing in the input terminals. Also they have proved that the maximum gain Of real pop-amps is finite and limited by maximum and minimum supply voltages. During the experiment, it is vital to be aware of the error that may occur. Generally, errors can be divided into tuft categories which are the systematic errors and random errors. Unfortunately, systematic errors are unavoidable because of the existing error in the equipment used in the experiments. For instance, homage DVDs can accurate about 0. 1% for DC voltages and 0. 2% for resistance; the accuracy of AC signals is around 1% while the frequency is within angel from GHz to kHz. However,the random error could be minimized to the best extent by taking several measurements and using the average values. Conclusion The results acquired from the experiments reveal the properties of both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, and describe the differences between real and ideal pop-amp Further, the phase relationships of input and output voltage for the inverting amplifier are 180 degrees out of phase; as opposed to this, they are in phase with each other for Nan-inverting amplifier.

Impacts of Volunteer Tourism on Host Communities Essay

Impacts of Volunteer Tourism on Host Communities - Essay Example The impact of volunteer tourism on host communities is noticeable. Such activities are associated with many positive sides on the respected society. Volunteer tourism enriches the host community with the blessing and their dream of education. Secondly, economical stability is ensured as they undertake many programs to eradicate poverty. Thirdly, social understanding and mutual relationship with diverse nations are strengthened. Fourthly, many activities are organized to safeguard the environment and the nature. Finally, it raises the health standard of the host communities. On the flip side, numerous adverse effects follow this trend. First of all, problems arise due to the lack of sufficient information about a particular community. Moreover, profit driven organizations or at least a minority of such groups tend to have hidden agenda of their own economical wellbeing. Many volunteer tourists visit the host community merely for entertainment rather than serving the natives. Ultimatel y, social and cultural abomination is likely as the unique culture is forced to follow the other. Volunteer tourism primarily focuses on the different areas of development and upliftment of a particular community. Moreover, profit driven organizations or at least a minority of such groups tend to have hidden agenda of their own economical wellbeing. Many volunteer tourists visit the host community merely for entertainment rather than serving the natives. Ultimately, social and cultural abomination is likely as the unique culture is forced to follow the other. Volunteer tourism primarily focuses on the different areas of development and upliftment of a particular community. These volunteer tourists are skilled in different levels of profession, contributing to the comprehensive development of the host community. Pursuing quality education is one of the most fundamental rights of every community. Volunteer tourism activities are often carried out by educational institutions. Focusing on the communities and their growth, many educational institutions and libraries are established. Understanding the significance of this initiatives Wearing (2001, p. 146) states that â€Å"local community and indi genous people† would have better access to education as many volunteer programs are introduced. The economical benefits enjoyed by the host community are not negligible. The volunteer tourism will result in a comprehensive development. Various training activities given will enhance the efficiency in employment. Moreover, many construction works such as houses, schools and industries are successfully carried out all which contribute to the economic benefits of the host communities. Evidently, maintaining a global social and mutual understanding is made possible as a result of volunteer tourism. This interaction results in keeping a good rapport with many societies and communities thereby easing tensions between them. Having such kind of mutual understanding and socialization alters the whole world into a global village. According to Niche Tourism, it is the groups which understand the diversity of its own culture and common roots enhance better understanding and appreciation (N ovelli 2013, p. 225). Host community also gets adequate respect and recognition from the outside world. As result, good social understanding and harmony can be ensured. Furthermore, many awareness programs are conducted in the host community to protect the environment from all kinds of threats. In order to ensure healthy wellbeing many action are introduced and implemented by the groups in their volunteer vacations. They often keep real and advanced guidelines and instruction regarding the maintenance of the land and healthy atmosphere. Activities organized vary from one location to the other.

Research for Health Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

For Health Project - Research Paper Example The proposal aims at correcting the situation by suggesting various alternatives towards ensuring early HIV infection diagnosis among the Africans in UK. There is a need to access the various barriers that hinder. The research paper will also contain some research questions that the researcher will use in the field to come up with concrete findings in the study. The methodological chapter reviews some of the research techniques and designs that the researcher will use in addressing the qualitative and quantitative studies in developing the research. The section also gives the prelude on how data will be collected in the field as well as the sampling procedures that will be used in obtaining the desired population for the study. A detailed technique of raw data analysis and presentation is also indicated in the chapter. A literature search refers to an explicit and systematic approach to identifying, retrieving and managing bibliography of independent studies. The independent sources are obtained from published from sources, and the search aims at synthesizing conclusions, singling out future areas of research as well as locating information on particular topics. Today, a lot of technological advances are seen in the field of medicine as well as nursing. For instance, there are epidemics and new cases of diagnosis of some diseases worldwide. The current trends in the late diagnosis of HIV infection among the black Africans is a matter of concern in UK (Health Protection Agency, 2007). The issue poses a great concern to the government of UK to find out the primary cause of the late HIV infection diagnosis. Late HIV infection diagnosis among Africans in UK is a serious problem in the region. The problem of late HIV infection defines a situation where the CD4 cells count way below the minimum level of 350 cells/mm3 (Fenton, 2007, p.14). The late diagnosis hinders early access to

PNEUMONIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PNEUMONIA - Essay Example Pneumonia can make an individual very ill even to the point of death. However, the disease can transpire in young, as well as healthy individuals, but is more dangerous in older adults, babies and persons with other illness or weakened immune systems. Pneumonia is often caused by a bacterium, the Streptococcus Pneumoniae, especially in people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and are victims of alcoholism. Such individuals are vulnerable to contracting pneumonia from Klebsiella, as well as Hemophilus Influenza. This category, although occurring temporarily, has some association with the bacteria known as the Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (Krause, 2012). Subsequently, the attacking organisms results in a variety of impact, in part, by irritating to an overly enthusiastic status to the immune responses within the lungs. Therefore, the small blood vessels within the lungs tend to develop leaks; hence, protein-rich fluid seeps through the alveoli. However, this tends to mark a less serviceable region for oxygen-carbon dioxide conversions; hence, the affected victims tend to develop oxygen rundowns while holding hypothetically risky carbon dioxide (Krause, 2012). Conversely, ill persons respire faster in conjunction to result in more oxygen, as well as release of more carbon dioxide. However, when these secretions are augmented, the leaky vessels often tinge the mucus with blood. The mucus plugs tend to diminish the efficacy of gas conversions within the lungs. Nonetheless, the alveoli tend to fill up with fluids, resulting in the debris from a vast number of white cells that get released to combat the infection (Krause, 2012). Therefore, the pneumonia condition often starts when an individual breathes the relevant germs into lungs. What follows is usually the disease after accessing a cold, as well as a flu. Conversely, the sickness will tend to make a person find it difficult for his/her lungs to fight against the

Great Critical Thinkers Essay Example for Free

Great Critical Thinkers Essay Immanuel Kant 1724 – 1804 Kant was the last influential philosopher of the modern Europe. He became famous for his theory of knowledge during the Enlightenment. Kan’ts thought was very influential in Germany during his life, moving philosophy beyond debate between nationalists and empiricists. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 1869 1948 Ghandi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of india during the the Indian independence battle with Britain. He pioneered Satyagraha , resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence! This concept helped India to gain independence, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation!. Was cruelly assassinated during his daily meditation. Sigmund Freud 1856 1939 Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression,and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopotology.He was early neurological researcher into cerebral function. Freud’s work remains influential in clinical approaches, and in the humanities and social sciences. He is considered one of the most outstanding thinkers of the first half of 20th century, in terms of originality and intellectual influence.Steve wozniak with Steve jobs and Ronald Wayne.Their inventions and machines are credited with contributing significantly to the personal computer revolution of the 1970’s. Edwin Hubble changed the way we see our universe! By demonstrating the existence of galaxies other than our own, the milky way. He is also famous for his Hubble LAW, and helped establish that the universe is expanding.

The Distribution of Ink-Printed Text Versus Hypertext :: Internet Net World Wide Web Media

The Distribution of Ink-Printed Text Versus Hypertext While browsing Radiohead's website (www.radiohead.com) one particular page of hypertext caught my eye. This page displayed was what looked to me like a scanned-in copy of ink-print text, which read: How To Construct a Dadaist Poem by Tristan Tzara. I had heard of Dadaism previous to this discovery, but hadn't the slightest idea about the man who had authored these simple instructions on how to construct a dadaist poem. So with the help of my mouse and keyboard I quickly erased the Radiohead URL (Internet address) and typed in that of a search engine called Hotbot (www.hotbot.com). After arriving at the homepage for Hotbot I typed my inquiry into the empty "search" box and the search engine immediately displayed a list of related homepages and topics on Tristan Tzara. I clicked on the first result entitled "Tzara" which led me to the homepage of The International Dada Archive. In reading-over the summary and history of the Dada artistic movement of the early twentieth century I began to see that many of its distinctive characteristics are the same characteristics found at the core of Radiohead's artistic movement; both groups, the Dadaists and Radiohead had/have an affinity for assaulting cultural values through live performances, and the distributing of leaflets, magazines, and newspapers. However, Radiohead has recently replaced the older method of distributing leaflets, magazines, and newspapers with the newer method of simply posting a website on the World Wide Web. Now, if an admirer or audience member wants to read Radiohead's poetry or view their latest artwork they only have to type Radiohead's URL (www.radiohead.com) into any browser and instantly it is delivered to the screen of their personal computer. The Dadaists and Radiohead both had/have an affinity for assaulting cultural values or in other words presenting their audience members with present-day cultural values in a way that made/makes those cultural values appear mundane. The Dadaists attacked cultural values through different types of live performances. "The real spirit of Dada was in events: cabaret performances, demonstrations, declarations, confrontations, the distribution of leaflets and of small magazines and newspapers... and actions which today we would call guerrilla theater." The Dadaists used a combination of live performance and the passing-out of ink-printed text on leaflets, magazines and newspapers to accomplish what they termed "...undermining and exposing what they saw as the stale cultural conventions of a decayed European Civilization..." (Shipe, International Dada Archive IDA).